下载Kubernetes Dashboard镜像

docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0 k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0
docker rmi mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

Dashboard有多种方式可以访问：

• kubectl proxy方式：只支持127.0.0.1和localhost为来源地址的方式访问，需要配置SSH隧道，比较麻烦，不建议使用
• Node Port方式：该方式只建议在开发环境的环境中使用
• Ingress方式：通过Ingress Controller来暴露应用，比较灵活，是最推荐的方式，但较复杂，以下将做详细说明
• API Server方式：由于API服务器是公开的，可以从外部访问，是比较推荐的方式，以下将做详细说明

方法一：通过Ingress访问Dashboard

先按照该教程部署Ingress Controller：NGINX Ingress Controller部署
本示例中NGINX Ingress Controller使用DaemonSet方式部署，好处是不用去找NodePort的端口号。示例的Ingress主机域名为dashboard.test.local，在DNS中配置该A记录对应任意worker节点地址即可访问。
 
创建dashboard的TLS证书，若有CA颁发的证书可跳过这步
通过openssl生成了域名为dashboard.test.local的10年（3650天）自签名证书

openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 3650 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.crt -subj "/CN=dashboard.test.local/O=dashboard.test.local"

基于以上创建的证书生成secret

kubectl create secret tls kubernetes-dashboard-certs --key tls.key --cert tls.crt -n kube-system

创建Ingress

cat <<EOF | kubectl create -f -
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    nginx.org/ssl-services: "kubernetes-dashboard" 
spec:
  rules:
  - host: dashboard.test.local
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: kubernetes-dashboard
          servicePort: 443
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - dashboard.test.local
    secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
EOF

然后使用浏览器访问https://dashboard.test.local即可访问Kubernetes Dashboard了

方法二：通过API Server访问Dashboard

通过API Server访问Dashboard的地址为：
https://<master-ip>:<apiserver-port>/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/
若k8s为集群高可用部署，则使用master vip地址和相应的端口
根据之前k8s部署教程，示例的访问地址为https://k8s.test.local:8443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/。但是直接访问该网址会返回Anonymous Forbidden的错误，是由于RBAC给未认证用户分配的默认身份没有访问权限的关系。可以通过k8s的admin.conf来生成证书，方法如下：

grep 'client-certificate-data' ~/.kube/config | head -n 1 | awk '{print $2}' | base64 -d >> kubecfg.crt
grep 'client-key-data' ~/.kube/config | head -n 1 | awk '{print $2}' | base64 -d >> kubecfg.key
openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -inkey kubecfg.key -in kubecfg.crt -out kubecfg.p12 -name "kubernetes-client"

将生成的证书导入浏览器，并重启浏览器再次访问Dashboard地址，登录时会显示选择证书，点击相应的证书便可进行登录

选择证书后，便出现了登录界面，在此选择Token，Token的生成方法见下面的步骤

用户登录

Kubernetes使用token进行用户认证，为了正确访问Dashboard，需要创建相应的信息
创建admin-user用户

cat <<EOF | kubectl create -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system
EOF

再获取admin-user的token，token为图红框中那串base64字符串（为了方便大家，以下命令直接输出token，没有多余信息）

kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}') | awk '$1=="token:"{print $2}'

将获得token粘贴到刚才的token输入框里再点击Sign in便可顺利看到dashboard界面了

1. 环境配置
生产环境部署高可用Kubernetes环境时至少配置三台Master节点，如有更高要求可以再增加，但Master节点数量应为奇数

+-------------+---------------+---------------------------+
|   Hostname  |   IP Address  |           Role            |
+-------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| k8s         | 192.168.1.100 | VIP                       |
+-------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| k8s-master1 | 192.168.1.101 | Master,Keepalived,HAProxy |
+-------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| k8s-master2 | 192.168.1.102 | Master,Keepalived,HAProxy |
+-------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| k8s-master3 | 192.168.1.103 | Master,Keepalived,HAProxy |
+-------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| k8s-worker1 | 192.168.1.104 | Worker                    |
+-------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| k8s-worker2 | 192.168.1.105 | Worker                    |
+-------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| k8s-worker3 | 192.168.1.106 | Worker                    |
+-------------+---------------+---------------------------+

在所有节点加入hosts信息，如有DNS记录则不用

cat <<EOF >> /etc/hosts
192.168.1.100 k8s k8s.test.local
192.168.1.101 k8s-master1 k8s-master1.test.local
192.168.1.102 k8s-master2 k8s-master2.test.local
192.168.1.103 k8s-master3 k8s-master3.test.local
192.168.1.104 k8s-worker1 k8s-worker1.test.local
192.168.1.105 k8s-worker2 k8s-worker2.test.local
192.168.1.106 k8s-worker3 k8s-worker3.test.local
EOF

安装Docker，步骤略可参考https://www.ebanban.com/?p=496

在所有Master节点上输入以下环境变量，主机名和IP信息根据自己的实际的情况进行修改

export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
export LOAD_BALANCER_DNS=k8s.test.local
export LOAD_BALANCER_PORT=8443
export CP1_HOSTNAME=k8s-master1.test.local
export CP2_HOSTNAME=k8s-master2.test.local
export CP3_HOSTNAME=k8s-master3.test.local
export VIP_IP=192.168.1.100
export CP1_IP=192.168.1.101
export CP2_IP=192.168.1.102
export CP3_IP=192.168.1.103

关闭防火墙、关闭swap、关闭SELinux、调整内核参数

sudo systemctl stop firewalld
sudo systemctl disable firewalld
sudo swapoff -a
sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
sudo setenforce 0
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system

从mirrorgooglecontainers源下载kubernetes镜像

docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.11.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.11.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.11.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.11.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/pause-amd64:3.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/etcd-amd64:3.2.18
docker pull coredns/coredns:1.1.3
docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64

将镜像标记为k8s.gcr.io的名称

docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.11.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.11.1
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.11.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.11.1
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.11.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.11.1
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.11.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.11.1
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/pause-amd64:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/etcd-amd64:3.2.18 k8s.gcr.io/etcd-amd64:3.2.18
docker tag coredns/coredns:1.1.3 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.1.3

删除无用镜像名

docker images | grep mirrorgooglecontainers | awk '{print "docker rmi "$1":"$2}' | sh
docker rmi coredns/coredns:1.1.3

安装、配置kubelet

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
yum install -y kubelet-1.11.1 kubeadm-1.11.1 kubectl-1.11.1
systemctl enable kubelet

2. 准备SSH Keys
生成SSH Key（通常在第一台Master上操作，可以在终端上操作）

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048 -f /root/.ssh/id_rsa -N ""

将SSH Key复制给其他主机

for host in {$CP1_HOSTNAME,$CP2_HOSTNAME,$CP3_HOSTNAME}; do ssh-copy-id $host; done

3. 部署keepalived(Master节点)
keepalived用于生产浮动的虚拟IP，并将浮动IP分配给优先级最高且haproxy正常运行的节点
在第一台Master上配置和启动keepalived，若网卡名称不为示例中的eth0则改为对应名称

yum install -y keepalived curl psmisc && systemctl enable keepalived
cat << EOF > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
vrrp_script haproxy-check {
    script "killall -0 haproxy"
    interval 2
    weight 20
} 
vrrp_instance haproxy-vip {
    state BACKUP
    priority 102
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    advert_int 3
    unicast_src_ip $CP1_IP
    unicast_peer {
        $CP2_IP
        $CP3_IP
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        $VIP_IP
    }
    track_script {
        haproxy-check weight 20
    }
}
EOF
systemctl start keepalived

在第二台Master上配置和启动keepalived

yum install -y keepalived curl psmisc && systemctl enable keepalived
cat << EOF > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
vrrp_script haproxy-check {
    script "killall -0 haproxy"
    interval 2
    weight 20
}
vrrp_instance haproxy-vip {
    state BACKUP
    priority 101
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    advert_int 3
    unicast_src_ip $CP2_IP
    unicast_peer {
        $CP1_IP
        $CP3_IP
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        $VIP_IP
    }
    track_script {
        haproxy-check weight 20
    }
}
EOF
systemctl start keepalived

在第三台主机上配置和启动keepalived

yum install -y keepalived curl psmisc && systemctl enable keepalived
cat << EOF > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
vrrp_script haproxy-check {
    script "killall -0 haproxy"
    interval 2
    weight 20
}
vrrp_instance haproxy-vip {
    state BACKUP
    priority 100
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    advert_int 3
    unicast_src_ip $CP3_IP
    unicast_peer {
        $CP1_IP
        $CP2_IP
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        $VIP_IP
    }
    track_script {
        haproxy-check weight 20
    }
}
EOF
systemctl start keepalived

4. 部署HAProxy(Master节点)
HAProxy用于检测集群内api-server的健康状况并进行负载均衡
在三台Master节点上执行以下命令安装和启用HAProxy

yum install -y haproxy && systemctl enable haproxy
cat << EOF > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
  log 127.0.0.1 local0
  log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice
  tune.ssl.default-dh-param 2048

defaults
  log global
  mode http
  option dontlognull
  timeout connect 5000ms
  timeout client  600000ms
  timeout server  600000ms

listen stats
    bind :9090
    mode http
    balance
    stats uri /haproxy_stats
    stats auth admin:admin
    stats admin if TRUE

frontend kube-apiserver-https
   mode tcp
   bind :8443
   default_backend kube-apiserver-backend

backend kube-apiserver-backend
    mode tcp
    balance roundrobin
    stick-table type ip size 200k expire 30m
    stick on src
    server k8s-master1 192.168.1.101:6443 check
    server k8s-master2 192.168.1.102:6443 check
    server k8s-master3 192.168.1.103:6443 check
EOF
systemctl start haproxy

5. 初始化k8s集群(第一台)
在第一台Master上执行以下命令，10.244.0.0/16是flannel的CIDR地址，如果用其他CNI需要改成对应的CIDR。

cat << EOF > ~/kubeadm-config.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1alpha2
kind: MasterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.11.1
apiServerCertSANs:
- "$LOAD_BALANCER_DNS"
api:
  controlPlaneEndpoint: "$LOAD_BALANCER_DNS:$LOAD_BALANCER_PORT"
etcd:
  local:
    extraArgs:
      listen-client-urls: "https://127.0.0.1:2379,https://$CP1_IP:2379"
      advertise-client-urls: "https://$CP1_IP:2379"
      listen-peer-urls: "https://$CP1_IP:2380"
      initial-advertise-peer-urls: "https://$CP1_IP:2380"
      initial-cluster: "$CP1_HOSTNAME=https://$CP1_IP:2380"
      name: $CP1_HOSTNAME
    serverCertSANs:
      - $CP1_HOSTNAME
      - $CP1_IP
    peerCertSANs:
      - $CP1_HOSTNAME
      - $CP1_IP
networking:
    podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"
EOF

初始化第一台master，初始化完成后记录生成的kubeadm join命令(包含token)，用于后面worker节点加入时使用

kubeadm init --config ~/kubeadm-config.yaml

将相关证书文件复制到其他master节点

CONTROL_PLANE_HOSTS="$CP2_HOSTNAME $CP3_HOSTNAME"
for host in $CONTROL_PLANE_HOSTS; do
    scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt $host:
    scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key $host:
    scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key $host:
    scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub $host:
    scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt $host:
    scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.key $host:
    scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt $host:etcd-ca.crt
    scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.key $host:etcd-ca.key
    scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $host:
done

6. 加入k8s集群(第二台)
在第二台Master上执行以下命令

cat << EOF > ~/kubeadm-config.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1alpha2
kind: MasterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.11.1
apiServerCertSANs:
- "$LOAD_BALANCER_DNS"
api:
    controlPlaneEndpoint: "$LOAD_BALANCER_DNS:$LOAD_BALANCER_PORT"
etcd:
  local:
    extraArgs:
      listen-client-urls: "https://127.0.0.1:2379,https://$CP2_IP:2379"
      advertise-client-urls: "https://$CP2_IP:2379"
      listen-peer-urls: "https://$CP2_IP:2380"
      initial-advertise-peer-urls: "https://$CP2_IP:2380"
      initial-cluster: "$CP1_HOSTNAME=https://$CP1_IP:2380,$CP2_HOSTNAME=https://$CP2_IP:2380"
      initial-cluster-state: existing
      name: $CP2_HOSTNAME
    serverCertSANs:
      - $CP2_HOSTNAME
      - $CP2_IP
    peerCertSANs:
      - $CP2_HOSTNAME
      - $CP2_IP
networking:
    podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"
EOF

将证书移到相应目录

mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
mv ~/ca.crt /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv ~/ca.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv ~/sa.pub /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv ~/sa.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv ~/front-proxy-ca.crt /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv ~/front-proxy-ca.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv ~/etcd-ca.crt /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt
mv ~/etcd-ca.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.key
mv ~/admin.conf /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

配置并启动kubelet

kubeadm alpha phase certs all --config ~/kubeadm-config.yaml
kubeadm alpha phase kubelet config write-to-disk --config ~/kubeadm-config.yaml
kubeadm alpha phase kubelet write-env-file --config ~/kubeadm-config.yaml
kubeadm alpha phase kubeconfig kubelet --config ~/kubeadm-config.yaml
systemctl start kubelet

加入etcd集群

kubectl exec -n kube-system etcd-${CP1_HOSTNAME} -- etcdctl \
--ca-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt \
--cert-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.crt \
--key-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.key \
--endpoints=https://${CP1_IP}:2379 \
member add ${CP2_HOSTNAME} https://${CP2_IP}:2380
kubeadm alpha phase etcd local --config ~/kubeadm-config.yaml

将节点配置为master

kubeadm alpha phase kubeconfig all --config ~/kubeadm-config.yaml
kubeadm alpha phase controlplane all --config ~/kubeadm-config.yaml
kubeadm alpha phase mark-master --config ~/kubeadm-config.yaml

7. 加入k8s集群(第三台)
在第三台Master上执行以下命令

cat << EOF > ~/kubeadm-config.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1alpha2
kind: MasterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.11.1
apiServerCertSANs:
- "$LOAD_BALANCER_DNS"
api:
    controlPlaneEndpoint: "$LOAD_BALANCER_DNS:$LOAD_BALANCER_PORT"
etcd:
  local:
    extraArgs:
      listen-client-urls: "https://127.0.0.1:2379,https://$CP3_IP:2379"
      advertise-client-urls: "https://$CP3_IP:2379"
      listen-peer-urls: "https://$CP3_IP:2380"
      initial-advertise-peer-urls: "https://$CP3_IP:2380"
      initial-cluster: "$CP1_HOSTNAME=https://$CP1_IP:2380,$CP2_HOSTNAME=https://$CP2_IP:2380,$CP3_HOSTNAME=https://$CP3_IP:2380"
      initial-cluster-state: existing
      name: $CP3_HOSTNAME
    serverCertSANs:
      - $CP3_HOSTNAME
      - $CP3_IP
    peerCertSANs:
      - $CP3_HOSTNAME
      - $CP3_IP
networking:
    podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"
EOF

将证书移到相应目录

mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
mv ~/ca.crt /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv ~/ca.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv ~/sa.pub /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv ~/sa.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv ~/front-proxy-ca.crt /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv ~/front-proxy-ca.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv ~/etcd-ca.crt /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt
mv ~/etcd-ca.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.key
mv ~/admin.conf /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

配置并启动kubelet

kubeadm alpha phase certs all --config ~/kubeadm-config.yaml
kubeadm alpha phase kubelet config write-to-disk --config ~/kubeadm-config.yaml
kubeadm alpha phase kubelet write-env-file --config ~/kubeadm-config.yaml
kubeadm alpha phase kubeconfig kubelet --config ~/kubeadm-config.yaml
systemctl start kubelet

加入etcd集群

kubectl exec -n kube-system etcd-${CP1_HOSTNAME} -- etcdctl \
--ca-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt \
--cert-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.crt \
--key-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.key \
--endpoints=https://${CP1_IP}:2379 \
member add ${CP3_HOSTNAME} https://${CP3_IP}:2380
kubeadm alpha phase etcd local --config ~/kubeadm-config.yaml

将节点配置为master

kubeadm alpha phase kubeconfig all --config ~/kubeadm-config.yaml
kubeadm alpha phase controlplane all --config ~/kubeadm-config.yaml
kubeadm alpha phase mark-master --config ~/kubeadm-config.yaml

8. 配置网络插件（以flannel为例）

curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

9. 将worker节点加入集群
下载kubernetes镜像

docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.11.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/pause-amd64:3.1
docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.11.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.11.1
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/pause-amd64:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
docker images | grep mirrorgooglecontainers | awk '{print "docker rmi "$1":"$2}' | sh

安装kubelet、kubeadm

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
yum install -y kubelet-1.11.1 kubeadm-1.11.1
systemctl enable kubelet

将worker加入k8s集群，使用在初始化第一台Master时生成的命令，如

kubeadm join k8s.test.local:8443 --token bqnani.kwxe3y34vy22xnhm --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b6146fea7a63d3a66e406c12f55f8d99537db99880409939e4aba206300e06cc

10. 确认集群运行状态
确认etcd运行状态

docker run --rm -it \
--net host \
-v /etc/kubernetes:/etc/kubernetes k8s.gcr.io/etcd-amd64:3.2.18 etcdctl \
--cert-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.crt \
--key-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.key \
--ca-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt \
--endpoints https://$CP1_IP:2379 cluster-health

若正常应返回类似如下结果

member 4fea45cc5063c213 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.1.101:2379
member 963074f50ce23d9a is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.1.102:2379
member 9a186be7d1ea4bbe is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.1.103:2379

确认k8s集群nodes运行状态

kubectl get nodes

若正常应返回类似如下结果

NAME                     STATUS    ROLES     AGE       VERSION
k8s-master1.test.local   Ready     master    1d        v1.11.1
k8s-master2.test.local   Ready     master    1d        v1.11.1
k8s-master3.test.local   Ready     master    1d        v1.11.1
k8s-worker1.test.local   Ready         1d        v1.11.1
k8s-worker2.test.local   Ready         1d        v1.11.1
k8s-worker3.test.local   Ready         1d        v1.11.1

确认k8s集群pods运行状态

kubectl get pods -n kube-system

若正常应返回类似如下结果，其中etcd、kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager和kube-scheduler应该各有三个，coredns默认有两个，kube-proxy和kube-flannel的数量应和node数量一致，本示例中为6个

NAMESPACE       NAME                                            READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system     coredns-78fcdf6894-j6cpl                        1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     coredns-78fcdf6894-kgqp7                        1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     etcd-k8s-master1.test.local                     1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     etcd-k8s-master2.test.local                     1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     etcd-k8s-master3.test.local                     1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-apiserver-k8s-master1.test.local           1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-apiserver-k8s-master2.test.local           1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-apiserver-k8s-master3.test.local           1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-controller-manager-k8s-master1.test.local  1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-controller-manager-k8s-master2.test.local  1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-controller-manager-k8s-master3.test.local  1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-flannel-ds-amd64-2r7jp                     1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-flannel-ds-amd64-d5vlw                     1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-flannel-ds-amd64-qd5x6                     1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-flannel-ds-amd64-wzl26                     1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-flannel-ds-amd64-xklr6                     1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-flannel-ds-amd64-4jr5v                     1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-proxy-8gmdd                                1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-proxy-8rs8m                                1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-proxy-pm6tq                                1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-proxy-shsjv                                1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-proxy-vj5gk                                1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-proxy-wd8xj                                1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-scheduler-k8s-master1.test.local           1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-scheduler-k8s-master2.test.local           1/1       Running   0          1d
kube-system     kube-scheduler-k8s-master3.test.local           1/1       Running   0          1d

执行以下命令来清除kubernetes的配置以及桥接网卡等

kubeadm reset -f
systemctl stop kubelet
systemctl stop docker
rm -rf /var/lib/cni/
rm -rf /var/lib/kubelet/*
rm -rf /etc/cni/
ifconfig cni0 down
ifconfig flannel.1 down
ifconfig docker0 down
ip link delete cni0
ip link delete flannel.1
systemctl start docker

上次安装Kubernetes v1.11.0遇到问题，kubeadm init总过不去，现在v1.11.1版本发布了，试了一下，可以正常安装了，安装过程与v1.10.5基本相同，可以参考原文章Kubernetes v1.10.5安装。
1. 主机配置
简单写在一起了，包含关闭firewall、swap、selinux，开启内核参数，启用bash补全

sudo systemctl stop firewalld
sudo systemctl disable firewalld
sudo swapoff -a
sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
sudo setenforce 0
sed -i s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g /etc/selinux/config
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system
yum install bash-completion -y
echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc

2. 下载Kubernetes镜像
从mirrorgooglecontainers源下载镜像（CoreDNS已正式上线，代替原来kube-dns组件）

docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.11.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.11.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.11.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.11.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/pause-amd64:3.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/etcd-amd64:3.2.18
docker pull coredns/coredns:1.1.3
docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64

将镜像标记为k8s.gcr.io的名称

docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.11.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.11.1
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.11.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.11.1
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.11.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.11.1
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.11.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.11.1
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/pause-amd64:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/etcd-amd64:3.2.18 k8s.gcr.io/etcd-amd64:3.2.18
docker tag coredns/coredns:1.1.3 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.1.3

删除无用镜像名

docker images | grep mirrorgooglecontainers | awk '{print "docker rmi "$1":"$2}' | sh
docker rmi coredns/coredns:1.1.3

安装、配置kubelet

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
yum install -y kubelet-1.11.1 kubeadm-1.11.1 kubectl-1.11.1
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kubelet

3. 初始化k8s集群
指定kubernetes-version版本，由于有墙。token-ttl默认有效为24小时，改为0为永久有效。设置pod-network-cidr为flannel做准备。

kubeadm init --kubernetes-version v1.11.1 --token-ttl 0 \
--pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16

复制admin配置文件

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

配置flannel网络插件

curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

4. 确认kubernetes运行状态

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

所有容器都运行时即部署完成

NAMESPACE     NAME                                      READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   coredns-78fcdf6894-j2xwq                  1/1       Running   0          1m
kube-system   coredns-78fcdf6894-sn28d                  1/1       Running   0          2m
kube-system   etcd-k8s1.test.local                      1/1       Running   0          1m
kube-system   kube-apiserver-k8s1.test.local            1/1       Running   0          1m
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-k8s1.test.local   1/1       Running   0          1m
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-amd64-zkgkb               1/1       Running   0          1m
kube-system   kube-proxy-7r8zc                          1/1       Running   0          2m
kube-system   kube-scheduler-k8s1.test.local            1/1       Running   0          1m

安装环境： CentOS 7.5，Docker CE 17.03
(本想写1.11.0版本的安装，由于遇到问题，退到1.10.5版本了)

1. 主机配置
关闭防火墙

sudo systemctl stop firewalld
sudo systemctl disable firewalld

关闭swap

sudo swapoff -a
sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab

关闭SELinux

sudo setenforce 0

设置内核参数

cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system

添加host记录，如有dns记录则不需要

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.1.101	k8s1 k8s1.test.local
192.168.1.102	k8s2 k8s2.test.local
192.168.1.103	k8s3 k8s3.test.local
EOF

2. 下载Kubernetes镜像
从mirrorgooglecontainers源下载镜像

docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.10.5
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.10.5
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.10.5
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.10.5
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/pause-amd64:3.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.8
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.8
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.8
docker pull quay.io/coreos/etcd:v3.1.12
docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
docker pull coredns/coredns:1.0.6

将镜像标记为k8s.gcr.io的名称

docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.10.5 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.10.5
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.10.5 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.10.5
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.10.5 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.10.5
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.10.5 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.10.5
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/pause-amd64:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause-amd64:3.1
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.8 k8s.gcr.io/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.8
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.8 k8s.gcr.io/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.8
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.8 k8s.gcr.io/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.8
docker tag quay.io/coreos/etcd:v3.1.12 k8s.gcr.io/etcd-amd64:3.1.12

删除无用镜像名

docker images | grep mirrorgooglecontainers | awk '{print "docker rmi "$1":"$2}' | sh

安装、配置kubelet

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
yum install -y kubelet-1.10.5 kubeadm-1.10.5 kubectl-1.10.5
systemctl enable kubelet
sed -i "s/cgroup-driver=systemd/cgroup-driver=cgroupfs/g" /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet

安装bash自动补全

yum install bash-completion -y
echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc

3. 初始化k8s集群

kubeadm init --kubernetes-version v1.10.5 --token-ttl 0 --pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16

指定kubernetes-version版本，由于有墙
token-ttl默认有效为24小时，改为0为永久有效
设置pod-network-cidr为flannel做准备

可以在初始化集群时使用CoreDNS代替kube-dns

kubeadm init --kubernetes-version v1.10.5 --token-ttl 0 \
--pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16 --feature-gates CoreDNS=true

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

如果是root用户也可以使用以下命令

export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

配置flannel网络插件

curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

4. 确认kubernetes运行状态

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

所有容器都运行时即部署完成

NAMESPACE     NAME                                    READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   etcd-k8s1                               1/1       Running   1          6m
kube-system   kube-apiserver-k8s1                     1/1       Running   1          6m
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-k8s1            1/1       Running   1          6m
kube-system   kube-dns-86f4d74b45-lmcqv               3/3       Running   3          6m
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-amd64-g6g66             1/1       Running   1          6m
kube-system   kube-proxy-rqnhh                        1/1       Running   1          6m
kube-system   kube-scheduler-k8s1                     1/1       Running   1          6m

5. 加入Node节点
Node节点的配置与Master基本相同（参见1、2节），只是所需的docker image少一些，只需要kube-proxy-amd64:v1.10.5、pause-amd64:3.1和flannel:v0.10.0-amd64(如果需要)

docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.10.5
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/pause-amd64:3.1
docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.10.5 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.10.5
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/pause-amd64:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause-amd64:3.1
docker images | grep mirrorgooglecontainers | awk '{print "docker rmi "$1":"$2}' | sh

然后使用kubeadm join加入k8s集群，该命令会在Master执行kubeadm init最后生成，如果没有记录下来可用以下命令生成

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

再使用kubectl get node命令确认节点加入情况

NAME              STATUS    ROLES     AGE       VERSION
k8s1.test.local   Ready     master    5m        v1.10.5
k8s2.test.local   Ready     <none>    3m        v1.10.5
k8s3.test.local   Ready     <none>    3m        v1.10.5